Nepal History Revision Sheet: Key Dates, Treaties, Constitutions and Practice Questions

This final chapter pulls the whole guide into one page. Read it after the chapters, and again in the week before your exam. Where a date is approximate, it is marked "around".

Use this sheet to revise, not to learn from scratch. If a fact looks unfamiliar, go back to its chapter. And always follow the exact dates in your own syllabus or textbook.

The eight periods in one line each

1. Ancient: Gopal → Mahispal → Kirat; Lumbini and Ashoka's pillar.
2. Lichchhavi: first dated inscription, Manadeva, 464 AD; Amshuvarma; Narendradeva.
3. Medieval: Thakuri → Malla; Jayasthiti Malla; three valley kingdoms; Khas Malla; Baise and Chaubise.
4. Unification: Prithvi Narayan Shah; Nuwakot 1744; Kathmandu 1768; Bhaktapur 1769.
5. War and Sugauli: 1814–1816; Mechi and Mahakali boundaries.
6. Court intrigue and Rana rule: Bhandarkhal 1806; Kot Parva and Bhandarkhal 1846; Ranas 1846–1951.
7. Democracy and Panchayat: 2007 BS revolution; 1959 election; 2017 BS coup; 2046 BS movement.
8. Conflict, republic, federalism: 1996 war; 2006 movement; 2008 republic; 2015 constitution.

Key dates, in order

• Around 6th century BC — Buddha's birth, Lumbini.
• 464 AD — Manadeva's Changu Narayan inscription.
• Around 879 AD — traditional start of Nepal Sambat.
• Around 1482 — valley divides into three Malla kingdoms.
• 1743 AD — Prithvi Narayan Shah becomes king of Gorkha (1799 BS).
• 1744 — Nuwakot. 1767 — Kinloch defeated at Sindhuli. 1768 — Kathmandu. 1769 — Bhaktapur.
• 1806 — first Bhandarkhal Parva.
• 1814–1816 — Anglo-Nepal War; Treaty of Sugauli (signed 2 Dec 1815; ratified 4 Mar 1816).
• 1846 — Kot Parva (September); second Bhandarkhal Parva (31 October).
• 1854 (1910 BS) — Muluki Ain. 1856 (1913 BS) — Lal Mohar; Treaty of Thapathali.
• 1860 — Naya Muluk returned. 1920 — sati banned. 1924 — slavery abolished. 1923 — Nepal–Britain treaty.
• 1936 — Praja Parishad. 1941 — four martyrs. 1948 — first written constitution (Government of Nepal Act).
• 6 Nov 1950 — King Tribhuvan in the Indian embassy. 18 Feb 1951 (7 Falgun 2007 BS) — end of Rana rule.
• 1959 — first general election; B. P. Koirala PM. 15 Dec 1960 (1 Poush 2017 BS) — royal coup. 1962 — Panchayat constitution.
• May 1980 — referendum. 18 Feb 1990 (7 Falgun 2046 BS) — movement begins. 8 Apr 1990 — Panchayat ends. 9 Nov 1990 — new constitution.
• 13 Feb 1996 — People's War begins. 1 Jun 2001 — royal massacre. 1 Feb 2005 — royal takeover.
• Apr 2006 — people's movement (19 days). 21 Nov 2006 — peace agreement. 28 May 2008 — republic. 20 Sep 2015 (3 Ashwin 2072 BS) — constitution.

Treaties and agreements

• Treaty of Sugauli — 1815/1816, Nepal and the East India Company; ended the Anglo-Nepal War.
• Treaty of Thapathali — 1856, Nepal and Tibet.
• Nepal–Britain treaty of 1923 — Britain recognised Nepal's independence.
• Treaty of Peace and Friendship, 1950 — Nepal and India.
• Delhi Compromise, 1951 — Rana–king–Congress agreement that ended Rana rule.
• 12-point understanding, 2005 — seven parties and the Maoists.
• Comprehensive Peace Agreement, 2006 — government and the Maoists.

The "parvas"

• First Bhandarkhal Parva (1806): after the murder of Rana Bahadur Shah; Bhimsen Thapa rises.
• Kot Parva (September 1846): after the murder of Gagan Singh Bhandari; Jung Bahadur rises.
• Second Bhandarkhal Parva (October 1846): Jung Bahadur defeats the queen's plot.

Constitutions and legal codes

• Muluki Ain, 1854 — first legal code (revised 1963).
• Government of Nepal Act, 1948 — first written constitution (not implemented).
• Interim Government of Nepal Act, 1951.
• Constitution of 1959 (2015 BS).
• Constitution of 1962 (2019 BS) — Panchayat.
• Constitution of 1990 (2047 BS).
• Interim Constitution, 2007 (2063 BS).
• Constitution of Nepal, 2015 (2072 BS) — currently in force.

Important people to match with events

• Manadeva — Lichchhavi inscription, 464 AD.
• Jayasthiti Malla — social and legal reforms.
• Prithvi Narayan Shah — unification; Divya Upadesh.
• Balabhadra Kunwar — Nalapani. Amar Singh Thapa — western front.
• Bhimsen Thapa — long-serving Mukhtiyar; Dharahara.
• Jung Bahadur Rana — first Rana PM; Muluki Ain.
• Chandra Shumsher — ended sati and slavery.
• Four martyrs — Shukra Raj Shastri, Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Dasharath Chand, Gangalal Shrestha.
• King Tribhuvan — 2007 BS revolution. King Mahendra — 2017 BS coup.
• B. P. Koirala — first elected PM. K. P. Bhattarai — 1990 interim PM.
• Ram Baran Yadav — first president.

15 practice questions

1. Which is the earliest dated inscription of the Lichchhavi period? Manadeva's inscription at Changu Narayan, 464 AD.
2. Who is credited with major social reforms in the Malla period? Jayasthiti Malla.
3. In which year did Prithvi Narayan Shah conquer Kathmandu? 1768 AD (1825 BS), during Indra Jatra.
4. Whose force was defeated at Sindhuli in 1767? Captain Kinloch (British East India Company).
5. Which treaty ended the Anglo-Nepal War? The Treaty of Sugauli.
6. Which rivers became Nepal's boundaries after Sugauli? Mechi (east) and Mahakali (west).
7. What was the first Bhandarkhal Parva linked with? The murder of Rana Bahadur Shah (1806) and the rise of Bhimsen Thapa.
8. What triggered the Kot Parva? The murder of Gagan Singh Bhandari (September 1846).
9. What made the Rana prime ministership hereditary? The Lal Mohar (Sanad) of 1856.
10. Which was Nepal's first legal code? The Muluki Ain of 1854 (1910 BS).
11. Which was Nepal's first political party? Praja Parishad (1936).
12. On which date did Rana rule end? 7 Falgun 2007 BS (18 February 1951).
13. Who was the first elected prime minister? B. P. Koirala (1959).
14. When was the Panchayat system ended? 8 April 1990 (26 Chaitra 2046 BS), after the people's movement.
15. When was the present constitution promulgated? 20 September 2015 (3 Ashwin 2072 BS).

Keep practising

History sticks when you test yourself. Take free MCQ tests on MeroSir and use the explanations to fix what you miss. If you would like to revisit the whole story, start again from Nepal's history at a glance.